“To The Lighthouse” and Endings

Image courtesy of Encyclopædia Britannica. Photo: Dave Shafer / © New Hampshire Division of Travel and Tourism Development.

I spent several hours of my last winter break as a Columbia student rereading To The Lighthouse. The only other time I had read it had been three years earlier, in Literature Humanities. I remembered finding it dense and tiring, not just because of the text itself but because of the speed with which we had to read it. I remembered my Belgian professor telling us that we had to visit the Isle of Sky, where the novel is set, and I remembered the Ramsays’ six-year-old son wanting to kill his father. And I remembered that we had been reading it when the weather had become really warm for the first time, and everyone was out on the lawns—my first Columbia spring—and there I was, sitting on a bench in Morningside Park on a sunny morning, trying to follow Virginia Woolf’s serpentine sentences. 

Partly then, rereading the novel as an English major who was nearing graduation was a way of coming full circle. Since that spring I had read many novels and taken many English classes, and I thought that the book would be more accessible to me now. It would be a way of closing the loop of my time at Columbia and seeing how far I had come as a reader. My other reason was that this particular novel had come up many times in those three years, invariably as an example of novelistic greatness, and I felt that my rushed Lit Hum reading had not led to my appreciating the book as it deserved. It was my girlfriend’s favorite book, it was a book that professors often brought up, it was a book that my father decided to read and then praised enthusiastically. A week or so before the break, I was having lunch with a friend who mentioned in passing that To The Lighthouse was, for him, “everything that a novel could be.” I decided then that I had to read it again. 

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On Doing it Over Again

Image of the author (far right) and friends at Tree Lighting, Fall 2024 (photo courtesy of the author)

Nearing the end of my college experience, it is easy to identify the things that I have enjoyed most while here at Columbia. Harder, though, is articulating the different paths I would have taken, topics I would have explored, and academic journey I would have traversed if given a second change to do it all over again. Of course, there are several things that I would have changed, and even more things that I would endeavor to repeat because I have such fond memories and experiences doing them. But looking back on my time at Columbia, and staring down the small handful of months that I have remaining, I think I have a few important insights to offer when it comes to deciding how you should—and more importantly want—spend your time here at Columbia. 

When I first began as a first year at Columbia, I was determined to pursue a career in medicine. I was already enrolled in a multivariable calculus class and general chemistry lecture course before I arrived on campus back in September of 2022. In the first few days of classes, my advisor let me know that an accelerated general chemistry course was open to new students who did well on AP Chemistry. I attended the first class and was eager to continue but realized—quite quickly—that it conflicted with my first semester section of Literature Humanities. To the misfortune of my interest in accelerated general chemistry, my Literature Humanities teacher was Professor Nicholas Dames; the first seminar of our class completely captivated my attention, and I decided to let my accelerated chemistry class fall to the wayside. That year, I committed to staying in my same section of Lit Hum the entire year and completely scrapped my plans to do intensive chemistry courses, choosing the regularly paced general chemistry lectures instead. That curiosity and deep love of the humanities is my first year of college is something I remember fondly and would not replace; in fact, that choice helped me find, quite quickly, the intellectual discipline that would become my passion: public policy. 

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We Are All Foucauldians Now

La Trahison des images, René Magritte

Of all the writers on the Contemporary Civilization syllabus, few are as misunderstood and routinely misappropriated as Michel Foucault. That should come as a surprise, given that Foucault is one of the most frequently cited academic authors of all time, his work offering an unavoidable—and to many, irresistible—dose of skepticism to most surveys of 20th-century European philosophy, social theory, intellectual history, cultural studies, and anthropology. Many on the left, especially, have seen in Foucault’s work a profound and debilitating critique of the Enlightenment and the liberal pretensions of progress to which it gave rise, including the supposedly ‘humane’ treatment of the incarcerated and mentally and physically ill, as well as the increasingly-rigid routinization of sexuality, education, and other forms of social reproduction. Yes, Foucault’s account of a pluralistic modernity governed (but underdetermined, in the last instance) by numerous mutually-reinforcing but decentralized power structures lacks the clarity or generality of a Marx or Weber. But in a messy and contorted world where the traditional dichotomies of ‘base’ and ‘superstructure’ or of ‘rational-legal’ and ‘charismatic’ authority no longer seem descriptively sufficient, an acknowledgment of the irreducible complexity of social relations may be called for. Foucault’s enduring popularity suggests that many agree.

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Witnessing a Microcosm of Knowledge Production

Our Fall 2025 Field Methods class! (Photo credit: Professor Meredith Landman)

One of the larger Columbia-induced changes to my thinking has been an interest in the process of knowledge production. This has been stimulated by my experiences in the Core, which helps us to wonder, for instance, how our understanding of matter got from Aristotle’s four elements to the Higgs boson. This interest has also been stimulated by my senior thesis process, which has involved reading, taxonomizing, and engaging with several swaths of scholarship. I have been surprised at how rapidly scholarship can develop within a decade, let alone a century. Essentially, I have realized that no piece of knowledge should be taken for granted, and that all ideas have an origin point. In realizing this, I’ve also begun to wonder where widely-held ideas come from, how some ideas dominate, and how different groups of thinkers interact with each other. 

Aside from senior thesis and the Core, my best window into this problem has come from a linguistics class called Language Documentation and Field Methods. This is an amazing class, and easily the culmination of my years as a linguistics major: over a semester, we worked with a native speaker of an under-documented language to learn, study, and describe the language in linguistic terms. I loved this class so much that I took it twice, both times working with a native speaker of Kalmyk (a Mongolic language spoken in Russia, China, Mongolia, and the USA’s east coast). The goal of this course is to teach the methodology of language documentation, which is a vital task of linguists given that most of the world’s languages are currently endangered. 

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Research and Scholarship as Leadership

Image of the San Juan mountains at Wolf Creek, Colorado during winter snowfall in December 2025, taken at nearly 12,000 feet above sea level (photo courtesy of the Author).

I don’t think I’m the first person to establish a connection between the act of research and producing scholarship as a form of leadership. Any contribution to a field, regardless of scope or the scale of its impact, requires a certain kind of commitment to new ideas that echoes core tenets of leadership. But I want to be a bit more precise about how we should examine research as a practical application of leadership and the ways that different philosophies of leadership through scholarship can apply elsewhere. To do so, I think it’s critically to establish the concrete relationship between leadership—as a general philosophy and practice—and research the way we might envision it within the university. 

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Collaboration, Research, and the Senior Thesis Seminar (Part Two)

Senior Thesis Seminar Classroom. Photo courtesy of Julia and Sarah.

In Part One (link) of this series, Julia and Sarah spoke with our seminar instructor, Hannah Farber, about the role of collaboration in a long-term, independent research project like the senior thesis. Professor Farber shared with us how, from the instructor’s perspective, the senior thesis process works most smoothly with peer collaboration. In this installment, we are turning our attention to the student experience: what is it like to work in a cohort of researchers, and how can students make the most of this opportunity?

For both of us, the senior thesis is the most sustained, complex, and challenging piece of research we have ever pursued. It has been hugely beneficial to do this on a team: we can cheer each other on, share complaints, and keep each other on track. By observing how our classmates research, draft, and edit, we’ve all been able to improve our own working process. We’ve become more cognizant of our working and thinking habits.

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Collaboration, Research, and the Senior Thesis Seminar (Part One)

Julia Sherman and Sarah Bryden with Professor Hannah Farber. Photo courtesy of Julia and Sarah.

Research can be a lonely endeavor. Many of the crucial steps—reading, writing, mulling things over—are best executed individually. Spending excessive time pondering a niche, strange question can have an isolating effect. And long hours in the lab, library, or archive can eat into your social life. 

But to our surprise, the authors of this blog post (Julia and Sarah) have found our senior thesis experience to be intensely collaborative. Both of us are students in Professor Hannah Farber’s seminar, where we meet weekly to workshop our history theses-in-progress. The class consists of twelve students working on a vast array of topics, from Americanization to cholera to the Orange Juice Boycott. Despite this range, our seminar is structured around peer feedback: as students, we all read one another’s drafts and offer constructive comments, in both written and verbal form. In addition, the seminar provides a learning experience through other topics. We have all enjoyed learning about our classmates’ research! 

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Marathoning and the Yearlong Thesis

East side of Low Library during snowy weather from February 13, 2024. Photo courtesy of Ishaan Barrett.

As a senior in the urban studies program, the yearlong thesis is a requirement for graduation and, at least in the four months since I began my work, a deeply formative experience. But from what I can tell, the experience of writing a senior thesis looks different for everyone. Some folks spend only a semester working on a project with a faculty member or research supervisor. Others, namely some of my friends in the engineering school, work on a capstone project on everything from rockets to robotic prosthetics. The senior thesis process looks different for everyone and depending on the department, can involve intense work over the course of just a few months, or focused attention over an entire academic year. Regardless, whether you’re working on a yearlong thesis or other research project, the stamina required to successfully steer the work to its completion feels like a marathon. And even though I’m a little over halfway through the process, with an April deadline on the horizon, I thought sharing more about the process and an honest outlook on my past progress would be worthwhile. More specifically, I want to be transparent about the type of procrastination and delays that happen when you begin working on a senior thesis, and perhaps the panic that might ensue that, eventually, despite perhaps best intentions, pushes you over the finish line. 

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In Plain Sight: Finding the Core Where You Least Expect It

The hills of Mycenae, hills of Agammemnon (photo courtesy of the author)

The Core Curriculum has a simple job: condensing thousands of years of human thought and culture into 8 semesters of coursework (or really 6, if you don’t count University Writing and Frontiers of Science). One of the many things that makes the Core—and Columbia—unique is the dense intellectual web it cultivates: historical figures from one course will reappear in another, and debates that took on a particular character in Literature Humanities will recur in Contemporary Civilization, but in a modified form that incorporates new perspectives and methodologies. By the end of your four years in the College (and to a lesser extent, SEAS), you will have assimilated a huge range of texts and ideas. They might sometimes feel like a bit of a jumble, but over time, the intense intellectual experiences fostered by the Core will settle into something endlessly rewarding: a base of references that will help you navigate more and more of the academic universe. What initially looks like a closed, self-referential system will soon reveal itself as the entry point into an untold number of books, films, albums, and live performances.

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Horatio and the Core

“Hamlet and Horatio,” engraved by Andrew Leloir for Le Magasin Pittoresque, December 1837

Near the beginning of Hamlet, the titular character famously says to his stolid and rational best friend, “There are more things on heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy.” It is easy to imagine the two of them—the impossibly imaginative Hamlet, bursting with feeling, described by one Shakespeare critic as having “infinite reverberations,” and the kindly, grounded Horatio, who believes that his stoic perspective can satisfactorily explain the world around him. At the risk of overstating my case, it seems like what the Core has the potential to provide are those things that Horatio’s straightforward philosophy cannot dream of.

A Horatian life, I think, is founded on a few principles and focuses mainly on the present. Most of us are living this kind of life most of the time: we work, we read the news, we talk with other people about other people, we exercise, we try to make sense of the different elements of our lives. We come to college living this way, and most of us leave it to continue to live this way. But what the Core can offer us at its best is a bright glimpse of something so different from all of this that it can be overwhelming. 

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