Do you love ice cream but find yourself experiencing an awful tummy ache afterward? If so, you may be one of the millions of people who suffer from lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance is a common condition where the body lacks the enzyme lactase. This enzyme is required to break down lactose, the sugar found in dairy products. Hence, without enough lactase, consuming dairy products can lead to uncomfortable consequences. Read on to learn more about this condition and how to manage it.
Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance
The symptoms of lactose intolerance typically appear within a few hours after consuming dairy products as the unabsorbed lactose passes through the digestive system. The most common symptom of lactose intolerance is bloating or a feeling of swelling in the abdomen. This is often accompanied by diarrhea, where individuals experience loose, watery stools as a result of excess water drawn into the colon.
Another frequent symptom of lactose intolerance is gas due to the fermentation of lactose by intestinal bacteria. This process can lead to uncomfortable and sometimes embarrassing episodes of flatulence. Abdominal cramps are also common, ranging from mild to severe pain that can significantly affect daily activities. In some cases, the discomfort can lead to nausea and, in severe instances, even vomiting.
How is Lactose Intolerance Diagnosed?
While the above can be symptoms of lactose intolerance, they can also be symptoms of other gastrointestinal disorders. Hence, keeping a food diary and noting the correlation between symptoms and consumption of dairy products can be a helpful starting point in determining whether you need a diagnostic test. There are three main tests that your healthcare provider may recommend to confirm the diagnosis:
Lactose Tolerance Test: This test measures your blood sugar levels before and after you consume a lactose-rich beverage. If your blood sugar levels do not rise, it suggests that the lactose in the drink was not properly digested, indicating an intolerance.
Hydrogen Breath Test: This test measures the quantity of hydrogen in your breath at regular intervals after you drink a lactose-rich beverage. An increase in hydrogen levels suggests that undigested lactose is being fermented by bacteria in the colon.
Stool Acidity Test: This test is more commonly used in infants and young children. It measures the acidity in the stool, which becomes more acidic when undigested lactose ferments in the colon, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid and other fatty acids.
How to Manage Lactose Intolerance
While lactose intolerance can be inconvenient, the good news is that there are many ways you can manage the symptoms and still eat the food you like.
Dietary Modifications: The most straightforward way to manage lactose intolerance is by limiting or avoiding dairy products that contain lactose. Milk, cheese, yogurt, and ice cream are typical examples. That said, many people can tolerate small amounts of lactose, so you might not need to eliminate dairy completely. Feel free to experiment with different types and amounts of dairy to determine your personal tolerance levels.
Lactase Supplements: If you want to continue enjoying dairy products without discomfort, taking lactase enzyme supplements before eating can help you digest lactose more effectively. Many of these supplements are available online or over the counter and can significantly reduce symptoms like bloating, gas, and diarrhea. Simply take the supplement before consuming lactose-containing foods or drinks.
Alternative Products: Thanks to the rise in popularity of plant-based diets, there are now numerous dairy-free alternatives available. Products such as oat milk, nut cheese, and coconut yogurt allow you to enjoy your favorite foods without fear. There is also a bevy of lactose-free products—these are made by adding lactase enzyme to regular dairy products to break down the lactose before consumption.
Reading Food Labels: It is important to carefully read food labels because processed foods, such as bread, deli meats, and salad dressings, often contain hidden sources of lactose. Ingredients that typically contain lactose can include whey, curds, milk solids, milk by-products, and dry milk solids. While these may only be present in small amounts, they can still trigger symptoms, so it is best to avoid them altogether.
Getting Enough Calcium: Since dairy products are a major source of calcium, lactose-intolerant individuals should ensure they are getting enough calcium from other sources. This can be done by incorporating calcium-rich foods such as leafy green vegetables, almonds, tofu, and fortified plant-based milk alternatives into your diet. If needed, calcium supplements with vitamin D can also be beneficial.
Plan Meals: While cooking at home is the easiest way to ensure that you are consuming lactose-free or low-lactose meals, planning ahead can also help you navigate social events and dining out. Research restaurants menus in advance and look for dishes that are likely safe or can be easily modified. Apps and food guides that identify lactose-free or vegan options can be useful tools as well.
Lactose intolerance is a common digestive condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Fortunately, there are many strategies and alternative products available that allow you to enjoy a wide variety of delicious food without uncomfortable or embarrassing results. Speak to your doctor about your symptoms and start managing your lactose intolerance effectively!