Sears Crowell Letter August 3, 1989
This is the letter from Sears Crowell to Howard Lenhoff that Howard mentions in his Biological Bulletin paper. In the letter, Sears describes his conversation at the MBL with Ethel Browne Harvey in which she says “You know that it was I who first discovered the organizer?” The original copy of the letter was given to Rob Steele by Sylvia Lenhoff.
Klaus Sander Letter November 7, 1988
This letter from Klaus Sander to Howard Lenhoff describes the discovery of the reprint of Ethel Browne’s Hydra paper in Spemann’s archives. It also discusses the Nazi stamp that was added to the paper when Spemann’s archives were bequeathed to the Zoological Institute at the University of Freiburg after his death. Sander asks Lenhoff to cover up the stamp to avoid bringing up Spemann’s possible connections to the Nazi regime.
This shows a scan of the front page of the copy of Ethel Browne’s paper in Spemann’s archives. It shows the Nazi Stamp that was covered up in the scan shown in Lenhoff’s Biological Bulletin paper. Lenhoff removed the stamp at the suggestion of Klaus Sander ( Klaus Sander letter).
Reprint Cover with Nazi Stamp
Ethel Browne, Hans Spemann, and the Discovery of the Organizer Phenomenon
Howard M. Lenhoff 1991
Abstract
Evelyn Fox Keller’s Letter to Howard Lenhoff regarding Victor Hamburger’s letter about Lenhoff’s paper. Hamburger’s letter to Fox Keller was enclosed with this letter to Lenhoff.
Photo of Viktor Hamburger taken at the MBL and currently in the MBL Archives.
Viktor Hamburger Letter 1
This letter of August 24, 1988 was sent by Viktor Hamburger to Howard Lenhoff in response to receiving a copy of Lenhoff’s Scientific American article about Hydra. In the letter Hamburger states that Browne’s work did not influence Spemann. Hamburger mentions that he knew Ethel Browne “quite well” in Woods Hole in the 1940s and 1950s.
Viktor Hamburger Letter 2 dated March 10, 1992
This letter is in response to Howard Lenhoff’s Biological Bulletin paper sent to him by Evelyn Fox Keller. In his letter, Hamburger says that Browne’s work did not influence Spemann.
Salome Waelsch’s letter dated April 13, 1992
This letter is addressed to Evelyn Fox Keller in response to Fox Keller sending her a copy of the letter that Viktor Hamburger sent to Fox Keller regarding Ethel Browne’s possible influence on Spemann’s work.
Evelyn Fox Keller’s Letter to Howard Lenhoff dated April, 8, 19992, about a reference to Harvey from 1942.
Letter from Ethel Browne Harvey’s son Richard Harvey to Howard Lenhoff dated October 31, 1991
In this letter, Harvey thanks Lenhoff for sending him reprints of the Biological Bulletin paper and for his efforts on behalf of his mother. The letter also describes the fire that destroyed the Browne Harvey house in Woods Hole.
Michael Greenberg’s letter dated June 11, 1990 to Lenhoff in support of publishing his manuscript in the Biological Bulletin. This letter was sent to Lenhoff prior to his manuscript being sent out for review. Greenberg was the Editor-in-Chief of the Biological Bulletin.
This is Lenhoff’s cover letter for the submission of his manuscript to the Biological Bulletin on October 2, 1990.
Michael Greenberg’s letter dated November 5, 1990 to Lenhoff about the reviews of his manuscript.
Reviewer Comments 1
Reviewer Comments 2
Reviewer Comments 3
Alan Kabat’s Letter dated August 29, 1991 in response to Lenhoff’s Biological Bulletin paper.
Jeanette Harvey’s Letter in response to Lenhoff’s paper dated October 20, 1991.
Jeanette is Ethel Browne’s daughter-in-law. In this letter, she thanks Lenhoff for sending her reprints of his Biological Bulletin paper.
This letter is from the late Karl G. Hufbauer, a former member of the UC Irvine Department of History, thanking Lenhoff for sending him a reprint of the Biological Bulletin paper. Hufbauer does not agree with Lenhoff’s argument that Browne discovered the organizer because she did not engage in “persuading others that (her) results (were) both original and important.”
In this letter of October 7, 1991, Bjorn Afzelius tells Lenhoff that he thinks that Ethel Browne Harvey should have shared the Nobel Prize with Spemann. He then goes on to explain why he thinks that did not happen.
Letter from Lenhoff to Afzelius dated March 23, 1992
In this letter, Lenhoff asks Afzelius to send him Ethel Browne’s reprint collection.
Afzelius’ Letter to Lenhoff dated March 30, 1992
This letter is in regard to sending to Lenhoff the reprints that Afzelius received from Ethel Browne in 1958.
In this letter of January 21, 2009, John Gurdon praises Lenhoff’s Biological Bulletin paper.
The significance of Ethel Browne’s research on Hydra for the organizer concept
Thomas W. Holstein 2024
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