If you are an applied mathematics PhD and looking for jobs, I would recommend looking into model risk roles at a bank. These jobs are also called model validator roles. I would say they are the “academic” jobs in a corporate world.

The main role for these jobs is to look at the conceptual soundness of models used by banks and validate them, challenge them, stretch them, etc. I found this was kind of similar to what I did during my PhD study, which was a nice thing to have in a job after graduation.

Model development roles are also available sometimes at banks, which are as the title sounds–building models, but these roles I found are a bit rarer and require more coding/software engineering experience.

So, give it a try, and let me know what you think or if you have questions!