The 1960s was known as a time of social upheaval, political protests, and changing cultural norms in the United States. The decade was marked by many movements: the peace movement or anti-war movement, environmental movement, feminist movement, Black and Chicano power movement, sexual liberation, student activism, and a general youth movement. A trend in multi-disciplinary approaches blossomed in this context, including the fields of medicine and health care services. On the heels of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in the autumn of 1965, a collective of students from schools in medicine, dentistry, nursing, and social work from twenty-five schools throughout the United States (known as the Student Health Organizations or “SHO”), first assembled for a 2-day meeting at the University of Chicago for the purpose of improving health care services for underserved communities, often poor, minority urban or rural populations.

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